It is characterized by raised areas that are whitish-tan in color that have a feathery appearance. Hairy leukoplakia may be seen in people infected with HIV and AIDS. Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, and Hepatitis D virus are associated with the following: Hepatitis A virus and Hepatitis E virus are not associated with the following: Hepatitis E is associated with cholestasis and has a higher fatality rate in pregnant women. Hepatitis A is transmitted by feco-oral routes and by contaminated food and water. Hepatitis E virus is placed in a sole genus Hepevirus, within a new family Hepeviridae, and contains a single molecule of a single stranded RNA. Hepatitis E virus is a naked virus, which has icosahedral capsid with surface depression. The outer capsid of the virion contains Hepatitis B surface antigen, which is encoded by HBV co-infecting the same cell. It is defective satellite virus and needs Hepatitis B virus as helper, i.e., it is infective only in the presence of Hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis D virus is a very small virus with tiny genome and is classified under genus Deltavirus. Incubation period for Hepatitis A is 15-40 days. The virus then enters the circulation and invades parenchymal cells in the liver. The virus enters the body by ingestion and multiplies in intestinal epithelial cells. Hepatitis A is transmitted by feco-oral routes and was known as infectious hepatitis. The genome of this virus is infectious and contains a single linear molecule of single stranded RNA. The Hepatitis A virus is a naked icosahedron that is member of the Picornaviridae family. Onset of the disease is gradual and the infection can be acute or self-limiting or can lead to persistent viremia and chronic liver disease with immunologic complications. Hepatitis B has a longer incubation period, which is approximately 50-160 days. It is transmitted by parenteral or sexual routes. Hepatitis B is also called serum hepatitis and is caused by a DNA virus known as hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B virus shows tropism to the liver and replicates in hepatocytes. The virus encodes a reverse transcriptase and replicates through an RNA intermediate. Hepatitis B virus consists of a icosahedral core within a closely adherent capsid that contains cellular lipid, glycoproteins, and a virus-specific surface antigen called Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The genome of Hepadnaviridae family is characterized by the presence of a circular, partially double stranded DNA molecule. Hepatitis B virus is an enveloped DNA virus that is part of the Hepadnaviridae family. Hepatitis C viral infection may serve as a predisposing factor in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis C is associated with acute infection, chronic liver disease, and cirrhosis. It is the most common cause of post-transfusion hepatitis. Hepatitis C is transmitted by parenteral and sexual routes. The genome of Hepatitis C is infectious and consists of a linear single stranded 9.5 kb molecule of RNA. Hepatitis C is an enveloped icosahedral RNA virus with gene order characteristic of the family Flaviviridae.
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